Waterproof vs Water Resistant | What's The Difference?

When it comes to protecting our devices and gear from water damage, the terms “waterproof” and “water-resistant” are often used interchangeably. However, there is a significant difference between waterproof and water-resistant products that can impact their effectiveness and durability in various situations.

In this article, we will dive deep into the world of waterproof vs water-resistant technologies, exploring the technologies behind waterproofing, the pros and cons of waterproof and water-resistant products, and how to choose the right level of protection for your needs. We’ll also discuss the importance of ingress protection (IP) ratings, such as IP67, IP66, and IP44, and how they relate to a product’s ability to withstand moisture penetration and weather resistance.

Understanding Waterproof

Waterproof materials are designed to prevent water from penetrating or seeping into them, even under heavy rain or when submerged in water. These materials are constructed from substances that are inherently resistant to water, such as:

Laminated cotton, rubber, PVC, PU, silicone elastomer, fluoropolymers, and wax
Vinyl, plastic, and rubber

Waterproof products, such as jackets and shoes, provide a complete water barrier. They feature taped seams, waterproof zips, and repellent coatings that make garments impervious to water. To be truly waterproof, an item must also be treated along the seams and zipper, with new technology using sound vibrations to fuse seam edges together for a tougher seal.

Waterproof breathable materials, like Fluoropolymers, allow water vapor to pass through while stopping liquid water. Manufacturers, such as W.L. Gore® and Associates, produce waterproof breathable materials in different densities for varying levels of breathability and water resistance.

The Fluoropolymer membrane is always sandwiched between two or more layers of material for physical protection against tearing and abrasion. Gore-Tex, a waterproof fabric technology, has membranes that keep water out but allow heat and air to escape, making them both waterproof and breathable. The breathability of a waterproof fabric is rated according to its moisture vapor transfer rate (MVTR), which measures how many grams of steam pass through a square meter of the fabric during a 24-hour period.

Technologies Behind Waterproofing

Waterproofing technologies have advanced significantly in recent years, offering innovative solutions to protect structures and materials from water damage. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in modern waterproofing, utilizing ceramic coatings that are hydrophobic and oleophobic, resisting oxidation, corrosion, ice, UV rays, high temperatures, and chemical substances. These nano coatings provide microscopic protection against water intrusion, creating a barrier at the molecular level that prevents water penetration while allowing structures to breathe.

Another emerging technology is the use of crystalline waterproofing chemicals, which improve the resilience and longevity of concrete by decreasing its permeability to water and porosity. Self-healing, water-repellant, spray coatings are also gaining popularity, offering hundreds of times more durability than comparable products and can be applied to almost any surface. These spray-and-seal technologies simplify the application process of waterproofing materials, creating a seamless and uniform protective layer.

Other notable advancements in waterproofing technologies include:

Active polymer hybrid membranes that combine materials to create a redundant system, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional materials and can self-heal and self-seal with water.
SmartSealTech, which integrates intelligent sensors and reactive polymers in waterproofing materials, adapting the material’s permeability and strength accordingly.
Graphene infusion, adding remarkable strength without adding significant weight, resulting in longer-lasting and more resilient solutions.
Sustainable solutions using biodegradable polymers, recycled materials, and water-based formulations, offering waterproofing options that protect structures and contribute to a greener future.

Pros and Cons of Waterproof Products

Waterproof products offer a high level of protection against water damage, but they also come with some drawbacks. Waterproof fabrics tend to be heavier and bulkier than water-resistant ones, which can make them less comfortable to wear. While waterproof fabrics are often breathable, they are usually less so than water-resistant garments.

When it comes to tools, waterproof toolboxes provide a higher level of protection, keeping your tools dry and unaffected by moisture. They are ideal for environments that frequently expose your tools to heavy rain, water splashes, or potential submersion.

Pros:

Protection from Water Damage: Waterproofing products prevent water from seeping into the concrete, protecting it from water damage and deterioration.
Increased Longevity: By preventing water damage, waterproofing can extend the lifespan of the structure, reducing the need for costly repairs and maintenance.
Improved Indoor Air Quality: Waterproofing can help prevent mold and mildew growth, which can improve indoor air quality and reduce health risks.
Cost Savings: Investing in quality waterproofing during construction can save money in the long run by reducing the need for repairs and maintenance due to water damage.
Enhanced Property Value: Waterproofing can enhance the overall value of the property by ensuring its structural integrity and longevity.

Cons:

Cost: The greatest disadvantage is cost. Labor charges for installation are typically expensive, with minor interior repairs costing a few hundred dollars and external systems costing several thousand due to the need for specialized equipment.
System Upkeep: Some types of waterproofing systems need to be reapplied at least once a year and may require regular maintenance if linked to a bigger problem such as poor drainage.

Understanding Water Resistant

Water-resistant products can resist water penetration to some degree, but not entirely. These products are designed to withstand some degree of moisture or water without being easily damaged and may offer protection against light rain or minor spills. Water-resistant fabrics are often treated with a Durable Water Repellent (DWR) to repel water on contact. According to the Hydrostatic Head Test (HH), water-resistant fabrics should be able to withstand a water pressure of roughly 1,500 mm or more . Water-resistant garments have a water column of 1,500 millimeters or more, meaning they can withstand a 1.5-meter column of water.

Water-resistant fabrics are suitable for light to average conditions, such as rain showers and light snow. They are often made of tightly woven synthetic materials like polyester and nylon. These materials have a tight weave that makes it difficult for water to penetrate, while waterproof materials block external water and moisture completely. Water-resistant materials, also known as hydrophobic, will resist water but only for light rain or drizzles. They keep most moisture out, but retain some and make clothing feel damp for a short while.

It’s important to note that water-resistant properties may fade over time, requiring preservatives to restore the repellency or waterproof quality. Water-resistant materials, like polyester or nylon, are treated with a durable water-resistant (DWR) coating, which can fade over time, reducing its water-resistant properties. Water-resistant products are not suitable for complete immersion or heavy downpours. They can resist mild wet conditions, such as rain or splashes, but cannot withstand being submerged in water and may eventually allow water to seep through after prolonged exposure to moisture.

How Water Resistance Is Achieved

Water resistance is achieved through various methods, including:

Coatings and Treatments:
- Water-repellent devices are coated with a thin-film nanotechnology that can cover both the inside and outside of an electronic device, making them hydrophobic.
- Polymer coatings like polyurethane, silicone, and fluoropolymers make fabrics water-repellent.
- Waterproof coatings and treatments provide longevity of water resistance compared to surface coatings.

Fabric and Material Selection:
- Tight, dense weave structures and blended fabrics provide water resistance .
- The effectiveness of water resistance depends heavily on factors like fabric weight, weave density, number of coatings, and quality of materials used .
- Dense weaves and laminates often sacrifice comfort, flexibility, and breathability .
- Waterproof membranes and certain coatings create a plastic barrier, preventing moisture vapor from escaping .

Structural Integrity and Sealing:
- Water resistance is achieved by forming a barrier that is impossible for liquid to penetrate, focusing on three main points of entry: the crown, case back, and crystal.
- Gaskets, particularly rubber seals, are used between watch parts to ensure a tight seal.
- Structural integrity is vital for water resistance, with individual components maintaining their shape under pressure and combining to keep each other in place when squeezed together .
- Thicker materials, such as crystals and case backs, contribute to greater water resistance.
- Screw-down crowns provide extra security, primarily in preventing the crown from being accidentally operated.

Device-Specific Techniques:
- The screen of a device is often glued to the chassis to prevent water from seeping in.
- Glue is also used at the back of ports, such as USB, Lightning, and 3.5mm headphone jacks, which connect to the motherboard.
- Rubber gaskets are used around buttons, ports, and removable components to create a watertight seal.
- A silicone rubber boot can separate the physical part of a button from the electrical contacts inside, acting like a protective barrier against water.
- Speakers and microphones have fine meshes that keep water out by encouraging it to stick to itself rather than passing through.
- Some manufacturers use pressure vents, which allow air to enter and leave the phone while equalizing the pressure and preventing water from entering.

Custom Metal Fabrication for Toolboxes:
- Working with a custom metal fabricator can help you create a water-resistant toolbox that effectively repels water and protects your tools from moisture.
- They can guide you in selecting the most suitable metal or alloy that offers the desired level of water resistance and durability for your toolbox.

Pros and Cons of Water Resistant Products

Pros:

Water-resistant fabrics prevent moderate moisture from soaking through, keeping users dry and comfortable in wet conditions.
Water-resistant products are used in various products like outdoor jackets, workwear shirts, hiking backpacks, tents, and backpacks.
Water resistance prevents penetration of moderate moisture but cannot achieve complete waterproofness .
Water-resistant products provide protection for belongings in wet conditions.
Suitable for outdoor adventures and water-based activities.
Water-resistant toolboxes may be sufficient for indoor or controlled environments with minimal water exposure risk. They can withstand light rain, minor spills, or occasional moisture without allowing water to seep.

Cons:

Limited breathability, leading to increased sweat and discomfort.
Heavier weight due to heavier materials used.
Less flexibility and stretch, making it challenging to stuff with oddly shaped items.
Higher cost compared to regular backpacks.
Potential for condensation in certain weather conditions.
Lack of external pockets or mesh compartments for quick access to items.
Require more maintenance and care to prevent mold or mildew growth.
Environmental impact due to manufacturing processes and difficulty in recycling some waterproof materials.

Waterproof vs Water Resistant: Choosing What You Need

When choosing between waterproof and water-resistant products, it’s important to consider the level of protection you need based on the intended use and environment. Manufacturers use terms like waterproof and water-resistant differently, with waterproof indicating a product can handle being submerged, and water-resistant meaning it can handle light rain or splashes. Waterproof products are designed to keep water out completely, while water-resistant materials will repel water for a little bit but will eventually let water in.

While both waterproof and water-resistant devices can resist water to some degree, they are not entirely impervious to it. They are constructed in a way that makes it harder for water to penetrate . However, there is no established industry standard to classify a device as waterproof . The closest available standard is the Ingress Protection Rating (IP) scale, which assigns a rating from 0-8 based on how effectively the device resists water ingress .

When buying water-resistant gear, consider the following:

Check if there is a water resistance rating compliant with ISO norms .
Verify if the producer and manufacturer is a stable corporation registered in a country that protects customers from companies giving false information in product descriptions .
Waterproof materials are more breathable and lightweight than waterproof options, making them a better choice for outdoor enthusiasts and athletes.
For toolboxes:
- Waterproof toolboxes provide a higher level of protection, keeping your tools dry and unaffected by moisture. They are ideal for environments that frequently expose your tools to heavy rain, water splashes, or potential submersion.
- Water-resistant toolboxes may be sufficient for indoor or controlled environments with minimal water exposure risk. They can withstand light rain, minor spills, or occasional moisture without allowing water to seep.

Maintenance and Care

Proper care for waterproof garments is primarily determined by the outer shell, which may have a fluoropolymer water repellent coating . To maintain the water repellency of the outer shell, it is essential to keep it clean and dry, allowing water vapor to escape . Avoid using soaps or detergents that leave residue, as they can cover the Fluoropolymer coating, making it ineffective .

Regularly test the water repellency of your rainwear by sprinkling or spraying water on it; if the water beads up and rolls off, the DWR is in good shape .
To revive the water repellency of a rain jacket, clean it using a technical fabric cleaner, dry it, and then reactivate the DWR finish by placing it in a dryer on low or medium heat or using a warm clothes iron .
If the DWR is not enough, apply a new DWR coating using a spray-on or wash-in product, following the manufacturer’s instructions .
Regularly wash and revive the DWR on newer gear, as environmentally preferable DWRs are slightly less durable.
For footwear, use a non-wax and non-silicone based DWR product with spray application, and apply it evenly to the whole garment, working from the middle to the edges.
After cleaning waterproof shoes, reapply a DWR coating if the face fabric is not repelling water.

Regularly inspect waterproof gear for damages and address any concerns immediately. Store waterproof gear in a moisture-free zone, away from direct sunlight, and avoid crumpling it. The manufacturing process and seals can dry out over time, making a highly water-resistant item less resistant over time. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary for waterproof and water-resistant gear to maintain their properties.

Maintenance:

Regular Inspection: Regularly inspect the waterproofing system for signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, blisters, or peeling.
Cleaning: Clean the waterproofing system regularly to remove dirt, debris, and other contaminants that can damage the system.
Repairs: Repair any damage to the waterproofing system as soon as possible to prevent water from seeping into the structure.
Drainage: Ensure proper drainage to prevent water from pooling around the foundation and causing water damage.
Sealing: Seal any cracks or joints in the waterproofing system to prevent water from seeping in.

Care:

Protect from Mechanical Impact: Avoid damaging the waterproofing system with heavy equipment or sharp objects.
Avoid Chemicals: Avoid exposing the waterproofing system to harsh chemicals that can damage the system.
Avoid Heat: Avoid exposing the waterproofing system to extreme heat, which can cause the system to soften or melt.
Avoid Cold: Avoid exposing the waterproofing system to extreme cold, which can cause the system to become brittle and crack.

Conclusion

Waterproof and water-resistant technologies offer varying levels of protection against water damage, each with its own advantages and limitations. By understanding the differences between these two categories and the factors that contribute to their effectiveness, consumers can make informed decisions when selecting products for their specific needs. Whether it’s a jacket for outdoor adventures, a smartphone for daily use, or a toolbox for professional work, choosing the right level of water protection is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of the item.

As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative solutions in the realm of waterproofing and water resistance. By staying informed about the latest developments and properly caring for our water-resistant and waterproof gear, we can enjoy the benefits of these protective technologies for years to come, keeping our belongings safe from the damaging effects of water exposure.

FAQs

What is the difference between waterproof and water-resistant items?
Waterproof items are designed to be completely impervious to water, ensuring that no water gets in even under harsh weather conditions. In contrast, water-resistant items are suitable for drier conditions and are made of tightly woven fabric that makes it difficult for water to penetrate, but they are not completely watertight.

Can water-resistant materials keep you dry?
Water-resistant materials are effective at repelling most moisture, but they are not completely impermeable. As a result, they may still retain some moisture, and your clothing could feel wet for a brief time.

Is a water-resistant object capable of being submerged underwater?
The term ‘water-resistant’ indicates that an item can resist the penetration of water to a certain extent, but this resistance is not absolute and does not last indefinitely. On the other hand, ‘waterproof’ means that the item will continue to function even when it is fully submerged underwater.

Could you provide an example of water resistance?
An example of water resistance is the friction experienced by an airplane as it moves through the air, with air particles making it harder for the plane to travel. Similarly, when swimming, there is resistance created by the friction between your skin and the water particles, which is referred to as water resistance.